What does Hexagram 31 mean?
Hexagram 31 is called Xián (咸) in Chinese, usually translated as Influence, Wooing, or Mutual Attraction. It is formed by the lake (兑, joy) above the mountain (艮, stillness). In the traditional family symbolism of the trigrams, the mountain is the youngest son and the lake the youngest daughter. The young man places himself below the young woman, suggesting respectful courtship rather than command.
The word xián ordinarily carries the sense of "all" or "together." In the Tuan Commentary, however, it is glossed as gǎn (感): to feel, respond, or be moved. The hexagram is therefore concerned not with one-sided persuasion, but with the response that passes between two sides genuinely open to each other.
Influence often appears when:
- attraction, courtship, or a new relationship is forming,
- two people or parties are beginning to respond to each other,
- rapport matters more than authority or pressure,
- or the task is to receive and be affected, not only to act upon others.
Xián describes a two-way current: influence becomes sound when each side can move and be moved.
The core meaning of Influence
At the center of Hexagram 31 is influence that works through receptivity. A lake can gather upon a mountain only where there is openness to receive it. The image becomes an ethical one: meaningful connection begins with making room for another person.
The classical judgment is favorable and direct: "Influence. Success. Perseverance furthers. To take a maiden to wife brings good fortune." The reference to marriage is not incidental. The hexagram treats courtship as the model for sound influence: attraction must be freely given, properly received, and steadied by constancy if it is to develop well.
The image states: "A lake on the mountain: the image of Influence. Thus the superior person encourages people to approach by their readiness to receive them." The emphasis is on inner openness rather than strategic performance. Influence gained through manipulation is unstable; influence grounded in attentive presence allows a genuine response to arise. The counsel is not to empty yourself of judgment, but to loosen fixed agendas enough to perceive what is actually happening between you and the other side.